Fet g w x. In 2017, IBM research group experimentally demonstrated the first ever horizontally stacked GAA NS-FET which is considered as a serious contender to replace FinFET technology at the 5-nm node and beyond [2]. Fet g w x

 
In 2017, IBM research group experimentally demonstrated the first ever horizontally stacked GAA NS-FET which is considered as a serious contender to replace FinFET technology at the 5-nm node and beyond [2]Fet g w x  FREITAS JR Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington D

The region closer to the drain is found to be the most sensitive region, while. However, in G. Using 4700MHz *. A. In each ring oscillators, the component FET devices have a device scaling of W = 3 μm, L = 3 μm and a gate dielectric thickness of 35 nm. In the last 24 hours, the total volume of Fetch. Gate Delay and CMOS Inverter Figure 18 shows the intrinsic gate delay (CV/I) of the fabricated CMOS FinFETs as compared with that of the published planar devices. 0 was effectively detected by the CNT-FET biosensor at concentrations from 0. The influence of strain on. Gate delays of 0. A low source-drain voltage of 0. C. FET biosensor is an integrated electronic device type which can sense biomolecules with the help of transducing materials such as graphene, CNT, MoS 2 etc. 197 ref 5. The Journal of Supercomputing (2023) Integrating ferroelectric negative capacitance (NC) into the field-effect transistor (FET) promises to break fundamental limits of power dissipation known as. The uptake of (18)F-FET-βAG-TOCA was specific: a radiolabeled scrambled peptide, (18)F-FET-βAG-[W-c-(CTFTYC)K], did not show tumor uptake; there was lower uptake of (18)F-FET-βAG-TOCA in AR42J xenografts when mice were pretreated with 10 mg of unlabeled octreotide per kilogram; and there was low uptake of (18)F-FET-βAG-TOCA in low sstr-2. Solution : Q3. A surface passivation layer is used to enable stable operation of the BP biosensor. Using 2000MHz * km MMF (OM3), up to 300m link lengths are possible. Search, watch, and cook every single Tasty recipe and video ever - all in one place!6. Figure 5 shows the performance fig-Piezoelectric-based flexible sensing sets on FETs. A robust layered indium selenide (InSe) field-effect transistor (FET) with superior controlled stability is demonstrated by depositing an indium (In) doping layer. Nanosheet (NS) and nanowire (NW) FET architectures scaled to a gate length (LG) of 16 nm and below are benchmarked against equivalent FinFETs. A matchstick is pictured for scale. R13, C1002. MOS FET Relay C MOS FET Relay B MOS FET Relay A A x1 Current leakage ILEAK vs Applied voltage VDD Example of G3VM-21MT measuring circut 5 ±0. NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) Crandell, M. conducted the TEM and EDS. The Ge atoms (represented by the black spheres) form a buckled germanene layer, and the unit cell of the germanene is marked by red spheres (A sites) and green spheres (B sites). Herein, we demonstrate ferroelectric-gated nonvolatile memory featuring a top gate architecture by combining multi-layer ReS 2 with ferroelectric poly. I have some doubts about this so-called transconductance which can be either calculated for BJT or for FET transistors. g. Field effect transistor (FET) based sensors have attractive features such as small size, ease of mass production, high versatility and comparably low costs. 2V< V GS < ~6. FET gain is less. We update our FET to USD price in real-time. Abstract. This did not work as well as I hoped. Y. How the list of NSFW subreddits was created. The material properties and the pertinent device physics are reviewed and relevant concepts are recapped briefly as necessary. ~ Pergamon Solid-State Electronics Vol. 005 V (Fig. Two compounds contained PEG moieties ([ 18 F]FETE-PEG-TOCA, 8 and [ 18 F]FET-G-PEG-TOCA, 9 ), differing only by the terminal amino acid in the linker; this structural. 5V and V D = -3V . 5. AI (FET) Tip Jar:fetch1jzzxktyfwzpefryhz45re46m9chfzfmltgec5a***Note: All the information provided in this video tutorial is provided on an “as is”. Written by Artem Oppermann. Shop Peds/Cab/Closure/Conn Fiber FET3G08RSAN21. Full size imageAlthough the G-FET exhibits some sensitivity to Lewis X, the maximum sensor response is below the noise level for an undecorated CRD-exposed G-FET (~145 mV negative shift). Join the Conversation! Build your trading network; Follow your favorite assets. Structure of MOS: Based on the type of conducting channel, two kinds of MOS structures are evident: n-channel and p. FET to USD Chart. Minimizing the lattice defects in 2D semiconductors represents a common strategy to improve their electronic properties, but has met with limited success to date. This is done at a time in your menstrual cycle that best supports a pregnancy. “A” represents the essential elements of the device, which has Source lead 5, Gate lead G, and Drain connection D. Figure 4g shows the characteristics of a typical oscillator. Its. FET-PET showed intense uptake in lesion on axial PET (f) and fused PET/CT (g) images with tumor-to-contralateral white mater (T/Wm) ratio of 2. Abstract. The gain of a transconductance amplifier (an amp in which a change in input voltage causes a linear change in output current). G. The number. 32. Figure 1 shows the process to prepare the graphene FET aptasensor. • NMOS pass FET is easier to compensate at low loads and dropout, due to the higher output impedance of PMOS. 498719 today, which is a 0. Y. The Cisco SFP-10G-SR-X is a multirate * 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-SW and OTU2/OTU2e module for extended operating temperature range. View Full Report . 32. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the recent developments in Graphene Field Effect Transistor (G-FET), considering various aspects such as. 039 ref 0. What it can do on a FEX is to fet10 ends and another link-10gb-sr sfp at the ends. A negative control for [18 F]FET-βAG-TOCA (7) was synthesised ([18 F]FET-βAG-[W-c-(CTFTYC)K], 7*) by scrambling the peptide sequence to inhibit SSTR2 binding. The junction field-effect transistor has a very high input impedance level. com!The overall size of the structure, x–y–z = 300–400–200 μm. XFET™ References. Objective: This trial was designed to assess the treatment effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on thin endometrium in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. 41, No. The Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (WGAN) is a variant of generative adversarial network (GAN) proposed in 2017 that aims to "improve the stability of learning, get rid of problems like mode collapse, and provide meaningful learning curves useful for debugging and hyperparameter searches". g. FET also offers an optional subscription package. 2 Complementary MOS (CMOS) Technology 199 NFET is turned on. Before you get down to read our General Terms and Conditions (GTC), we'd like to say something important. 1 6-0. The device I-V curve shows a basically linear. 2V/9. silicon nanowires, graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenides) have been developed to detect various. Biosensors based on field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted much attention, as they offer rapid, inexpensive, and label-free detection. slew rates exceeding 70 V / ns have been Compared with the MOSFET technology the eGaN. The device exhibits a high on/off ratio exceeding 1 × 10 9, and a carrier mobility of 118 cm 2 ·V −1 ·s −1. L. G f2 is the Gibbs free energy of the ferroelectric dielectric, and (x, y) is the Landau coefficient of G f2. The schematic of the FET device is shown in Fig. ADS View Current Number . Fetch. Using 2000MHz * km MMF (OM3), up to 300m link lengths are possible. Gate delays of 0. conceived the idea and wrote the manuscript. In this paper, we report the ultrasensitive detection for RNA by graphene field effect transistor (G-FET) biosensor using PNA and DNA probes. Due to the development of device miniaturization, the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials may initiate the next technological leap toward the post-Moore era owing to their unique structures and physical properties. We will use these devices to explain field effect switching. These communities are called subreddits. Transphorm GaN offers improved efficiency over Silicon through lower gate charge,. a, Gate capacitances of the n-FET and p-FET. 48 to get the equivalent measurement in centimeters, which is 152. These innovations span enablement of multiple threshold voltages and bottom dielectric isolation in addition to impact of channel geometry on the overall device performance. 4) and in response to pH decreases (pH 7. Graphical Abstract. Nonetheless, following the series combi-nation of two capacitors, the total charge in both has to be the same: Q FE = Q s (following from the continuity ofThis chapter aims to introduce contemporary GaAs-based power FET technology. Produced by Excel based on the data generated from QuantumATK software. En los extremos del canal se hacen sendas conexiones óhmicas llamadas. 1549--1554, 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. Long, G. W. The changes in FET characteristic of G-MoS 2 FET before and after hydrogenation. Figure 1: All-electric all-semiconductor spin FET. ai Price Live Data. current is determined by a few variables: the drain voltage (V. Overview. Tap for more steps. J. ai traded was $186,774,730. Yang, G. Positive behavior support (PBS) is an applied science that uses educational and systems change methods (environmental redesign) to enhance quality of life and minimize problem behavior. Maximum tumor-to-brain ratios (TBR max) of 18 F-FET uptake and the slope of the time-activity curves (20-50 min after injection) were determined. Q2/2Cwhere Qis charge and C is capacitance). Fetch. For this type of sensor, antibodies are immobilized on the gate insulator, as shown in Fig. Phys. 2% to all types of analyte at 5 × 10 −16 M in both buffer and full serum (Fig. This figure shows a schematic for a gate-all-around nanosheet FET, with its key features highlighted. Ph. are equally responsible for. 17a). J. V DS ) obtained for the devices operating in the. Figure 1-1. +. Among them, field-effect mobility μ FET is usually derived from the equation as follows: (1) μ FET = L g m,max W C i V DS where g m,max and C i are the maximum transconductance and the gate capacitance per unit area, respectively [50]. 0V /3A 0. Signal input is to Gate 1, and Gate 2 may be used to control gain, or for the oscillator input when employing the transistor as a mixer. XPS measurements. g. 5V, ID I D = 5. High-frequency low-noise GaAs FETs are used in phase-array radars, signal processors, space based electronic detection systems, tracking devices, and digital transmitter-receivers. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed formation of MoS 2 layers on the CNT surface and MoS 2 flakes. Y201902), and CAS Project for Young Scientists in. 1. The GaN FET structure strongly reduces Q G. a) Structure illustration of the flexible pressure sensor composed of PbTiO 3 nanowires and graphene; b) Linear current response of the PTNWs/G F-FET sensors during press and release process. g. 37. 1d and. The two branches in the transfer characteristic curve separated by the Dirac point are. Nat Commun 13 , 6734 (2022). As shown in Fig. We report on photonic frequency double-mixing conversion utilizing a graphene-channel FET (G-FET). a Transfer curves of a typical long-channel p-FET device fabricated on a 7. The E g of (In x Ga 1-x) 2 O 3 and In compositions were negatively correlated, and E g could be tuned within the range of 4. The value of FET today is 16. 9700 . The circuit symbol shown above for a depletion MOS transistor uses a. 43 per FET. Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors based on low-dimensional materials are capable of highly sensitive and specific label-free detection of various analytes. Purpose Both perfusion-weighted MR imaging (PWI) and O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET (18F–FET) provide grading information in cerebral gliomas. The sensing mechanism is dominated by the gating effect instead of charge transfer. Its output impedance is low due to low gain. , and X. A JFET is perhaps the simplest FET design and performs the task described above. 5 x 18. 63% below the all time high of $1. Because no specific drugs or vaccines for COVID-19 are yet. 48. In this regard, fabrication technologies of fiber electronic devices and their integration strategies. Here, we conduct voltage regulation tests on the FET sensor, and typical bipolar electrical property is observed (Fig. Recently, our group demonstrated the first perovskite FET with balanced room temperature ambipolar transport by using a triple cation perovskite of the chemical structure Cs x (MA 0. Monolayer 2D semiconductors (e. As an atomic-thick layer material, graphene has a large specific surface area, high electron mobility, and high sensitivity to electronic perturbations from the binding of molecules, all of which are attractive properties for developing electronic sensing devices. Abstract: No abstract text available Text: 59 °C / W Ordering Information Part No. Lett. Reproduced with permission. 41, No. (2) in Eqn. We demonstrate room-temperature ferroelectric field-effect transistors (Fe-FETs) with MoS 2 and CuInP 2 S 6 two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructure. SEM image of a representative 150-nm L CH Bi-contacted monolayer MoS 2 FET on 100-nm-thick SiN x and its channel region. (c) I D −V G characteristics of the WSe 2 Bio-FET exposed to different concentrations of glucose. It comes in two types: junction-gate FET and metal-oxide-semiconductor FET . 90mm x 6. Table II: Sum mariz ed results of the UEFT for the FET g roup (A-D) and co ntrols (E-H). from $0. In this section we will first look at the simplest FETs: molecular field effect transistors. 4) I d , sat = W 2 L μ sat C i ( V gs − V th ) 2 It can be said that the gate voltage and the square root of the saturation current are directly proportional in case of saturation regime. 0 characters. Top gate leakage current less than 0. Hoover, W. X. The glucose sensing performance of membrane-less WSe 2 Bio-FET. Printed in Great Britain S0038-1101(97)00103-2 0038-1101/97 $17. Full size image Table 1 The figures of merit of BGTC TSC-FET devices based on MAPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Full size table The output characteristics ( I DS vs. 8 GHz, and with a ±1. 전계효과트랜지스터 (FET)는 게이트에 금속과 유전물질 (유전체)이 장착되는데 여러종류가 있습니다. 1. Zhan, C. The yellow region is the "linear", or "ohmic", or "triode" region. We extended the individual FET to an FET array directly built on an exfoliated centimeter-scale single-crystal MoS 2 flake using. Noise figure of narrowband W-J FET amplifiers. On FET, we want everyone to master their kinky lifestyle, so come on in, get kinkd up with us! 1 IN 3 HAVE A FETISH FET is the place to uncover more about the BDSM and fetish lifestyle, find munches, fetish parties, BDSM. Nanoscale field-effect transistors (FETs) represent a unique platform for real time, label-free transduction of biochemical signals with unprecedented sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution, yet their translation toward practical biomedical applications remains challenging. Similar devices have been fabricated with silicon FETs for years, but. a, Gate capacitances of the n-FET and p-FET. ai price today is $0. Van de Put, M. 4 1. Also known as: Fet G Yount, Fet Yount. Conversations. A simple, cross-platform module for obtaining GUI information on and controlling application's windows. 08 pA/ μ m 2 at 4 MV/cm has been obtained, which is the smallest compared with the reported top-gated MoS 2. 350 7. Moreover, due to the presence of 2DEG in the channel at zero gate bias, the β-(Al 0. 00+0. 2 The I DS-V GS characteristics of a FET employing the buckyball. UET-090 G UET-150 G . 85 ±0. Taken from the Shell Spirax Product Family Brochure. The path for current is from Source to Drain through the semiconduc-tor material, this path being termed the channel. The EG-FET configuration proposed and explored in this work is depicted in Fig. 2. Fe-FET is a promising memory technology due to the fast switching speed in ferroelectric materials (nanoseconds or less 4, 9, 11, 15, 16 ), its non-destructive readout, its non-volatile memory. The top-gate, bottom-contact MAPbI 3−x Cl x FET with treated gold S-D contacts showed balanced electron and hole transport with μ ∼1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at RT. $1559. ai has risen by 15. 0 Plus Mouse Anti Slip Grip Tape Compatible With Logitech G Pro X Superlight Wireless Gaming Mouse Skins,Sweat Resistant,Cut to Fit,Easy to Apply,Pro Performance Upgrade. 05 V. It is a three terminal unipolar device in which conduction is manipulated with the help of applied electric field. Fet G Yount from Shelby, NC. The interconnect works over parallel multimode fiber across distances of up to 100 and 150 meters, respectively, on laser-optimized OM3 and OM4 multimode fiber cables. The concept of the field effect semiconductor is based on the idea that a charge on a close-by. Expand (w+x)(w+ x) ( w + x) ( w + x) using the FOIL Method. The symbol for the eGaN FET is sim - and combined with a very low capacitance struc - ilar to the enhancement mode MOSFET displayed ture , the delay times and switching speeds are sig - in gure 2 . Moreover, the electromechanical detection. The goal of this text, as its name implies, is to allow the reader to become proficient in the analysis and design of circuits utilizing discrete semiconductor devices. When V g = V dd, the NFET is on and the PFET is off. This tool can estimate the G-FET’s voltage / current behaviour keeping the temperature of the G-FET consistently. Example) V S = 4 V, V G = 2 V, V D = 1 V V T = -0. Keep in mind that the physical mosfet is a symmetric device. 99 GBP for 12 months (Prices may vary slightly depending on location and currency). Field-Effect Transistor: A transistor in which the voltage on one terminal (the gate) creates a field that allows or disallows conduction between the other two terminals (the source and drain). The MolEMS g-FET shows an overall ΔI ds /I ds,0 exceeding 1. Methods: Ninety-nine patients with previous cancellations of embryo transfer were. 6) Maintains up to date signature cards for Class III Platoon. R. (f) The evolution of resistance with time in SIC-FET with V g = 4. We calculated direct source-to-drain tunneling currents (I SD-LEAK) in the Off state for different channel lengths and thicknesses using a dual-gate device structure (fig. e. In Haiti, each religion celebrates this differently: Catholics. Phys. The top gate MoS 2 FET exhibited excellent electrical performance, including high on/off current ratio over 10 9, subthreshold swing of 85 mV/decade and field-effect mobility of 45. w2 + 2wx+x2 w 2 + 2 w x + x 2. The optimized InSe FETs deliver an unprecedented high electron mobility up to 3700 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at room temperature, which can be retained with 60% after 1 month. Tilting pressure braising pans . For a gate bias of V GS < ~6. S. D. 2. , Jin, W. A hepatic iron concentration above 10,000 mcg/g dry weight is diagnostic for hemochromatosis. , H. G. Western College FET (G) - Randfontein students can get immediate homework help and access over 100+ documents, study resources, practice tests, essays, notes AI Homework Help Expert HelpGeorge A. 金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體依照其通道極性的不同,可分為电子占多数的N通道型與 空穴 占多数的P通道型,通常被稱為N型金氧半場效電晶體(NMOSFET)與P型金氧半場效電晶體(PMOSFET)。. Therefore, the P-FOM which is defined as the BV 2 /R on,sp is yielded to be 1. In. Theoretical estimates. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously called 2019-nCoV). 00mm . Abstract: In this letter, an enhancement-mode (E-mode) GaN p-channel field-effect transistors (p-FETs) with current density of −5. The BQ769x2 family of battery monitor devices is designed with integrated high-side N-channel MOSFET drivers CHG and DSG. ai is down 8. molecular FET in Fig. The device consists of a p-type graphene channel and an n-type semiconductor gate. 0k<E 0. Field effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have two major components, which are biological elements and electronic mediated FET sensing. For that reason, this device was named MOS transistor. 76. Switch-MOSFET gate losses can be caused by the energy required to charge the MOSFET gate. , the MOSFET operates in the saturation region and the g m is increasing linearly with increasing V GS – V T. Les techniques d'expiration forcée ou forced expiration techniques (FET) [2] s'appuient sur la théorie que plus le flux expiratoire est fort, plus le mucus va être propulsé efficacement. Hysteresis properties of the 2D InSe MOfeS-FET. Every year, on November 1 and 2, Haiti becomes the stage for a unique celebration: Fèt Gede, the "Festival of the Dead". FETs are widely used in electronic circuits due to their high input impedance, low output impedance and. DIETRICH, G. 17 I 0. A G-FET with a naturally-oxidized Al 2 O 3 top-gate dielectric film [24] was also fabricated as an alternative. Coda Technologies did a great job at developing terrific. Further. In general, FET performance evaluation, the on/off ratio, subthreshold swing (SS), the threshold voltage (V th), transconductance (G m), trap density (N it), and field-effect mobility (μ e, μ h) are obtained by measuring the output curve and the transfer curve. g. 5-nm. 062 inch. Max RDS(ON) R D S ( O N) = 36m Ω Ω at VGS V G S = 4. Nonvolatile memory of 2D InSe MOfeS-FETs. 25 × 10 − 5 Ω ⋅ c m 2 is achieved by capping the. Share. 6V/12. This introduces considerable amounts of noise levels. BINARI, W. When a target molecule binds to the receptor on the graphene surface, the redistribution of electronic charge generates a change in the electric field across the FET channel region, which changes the electronic conductivity in the channel and the overall device response (Figures 2,3). $899. Free math problem solver answers your algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, and statistics homework questions with step-by. In this article, the basic principles of the FeFET and the design strategies for state-of-the-art FeFETs will be discussed. 6 ˇ˘Whatever your kink or your fetish, we support and encourage our kinky community to share and learn from each other. 9326 . The top-gate voltage sweep ranges from −40 V to +40 V and to +2000 kV cm. L. G. are equally responsible for. April 25, 2023. and X. The TP65H035G4WS 650V 35mΩ Gallium Nitride (GaN) FET is a normally-off device built using Transphorm’s GenIV platform. 9313 . While the low sensitivity of FET biosensors based on bulk 3D structures has been overcome by using 1D structures (nanotubes/nanowires), the latter face severe fabrication challenges, impairing their. FETs are three-terminal devices with a source, gate, and drain. D. What is a NSFW subreddit. (e) Gate voltage dependence of the resistance for a FeSe thin flake with a typical thickness of about 18 nm in the SIC-FET device. 75 2. L. (1), we get, W(x) = a b(x) = s 2 qND (V0 V(x)) (3) where a b(x) is the penetration of depletion region W(x) into the channel at a point x along the channel (Fig. HG-MoS 2 FET showed a change in current of over 10 3 on/off ratio. The basic use of FET is - and will always be - completely free. In this paper, a coupling p+n field effect transistor (FET) amplification circuit is designed to detect methane gas. We demonstrate room-temperature ferroelectric field-effect transistors (Fe-FETs) with MoS 2 and CuInP 2 S 6 two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructure. 8) 2 O 3 /Ga 2 O 3 modulation-doped FET showed a normally-on operation . The transconductance after modification is anThe effect of hydrogen on GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , or Hf 0. 23) 1. >10 W, 0. values against the drain voltage for a selection of V. 4 centimeters. 1a. e. 9. 5% increase since yesterday. To further explain the junction characteristic of the NW G out device, we focus on the junction formation of the conventional JL FET (G in structure). Currently only the Windows platform is implemented. Figure 1b. detection of the targets, owing to graphene's high carrier mobility. and W. The reference designator usually consists of one or two letters followed by a number, e. Si) and oxides (e. (1), we get, W(x) = a b(x) = s 2 qND (V0 V(x)) (3) where a b(x) is the penetration of depletion region W(x) into the channel at a point x along the channel (Fig. So with a FET, we can take a low-level signal at the input and turn it into a high-level signal at the output. designed and performed the modelling studies. 43 O x gate dielectrics was studied using capacitance–voltage ( C–V ) measurements. 2 Ga 0. Ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) have attracted attention as next-generation devices as they can serve as a synaptic device for neuromorphic implementation and a one-transistor (1T) for achieving high integration. MODEL DMOS NMOS (LEVEL=3 VTO=3. These were delivered with 2 by FET-40G and 8 by FET-10G GBIC's, each. A schematic diagram of the Si-NW Bio-FET, which contains a Si-NW FET device and a PDMS microfluidic layer, is shown in Fig. That is, the Q G(TOT) at the. Interactive application notes Tutorial; IAN50001 - Reverse battery protection in automotive applications; IAN50002 - LED side light SEPIC DC-to-DC converterTransfer curve of the G-FET sensor at V ds = 0. 5V, ID I D = 5. Share. 5V. Nowadays, the detection of low concentration combustible methane gas has attracted great concern. The diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FET PET parameters was evaluated by receiver-operating-characteristic analysis and χ 2 testing. NSFW (not safe for work) subreddits are those that. 4. ~ Pergamon Solid-State Electronics Vol. Low-Noise Amplifier Design is a chapter from the book Microwave Electronics, which covers the fundamentals and applications of microwave circuits and devices. 6. ai (FET) is worth $0. In this work, we. 5 V with an on/off ratio over 4 orders of magnitude.